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Background and purpose: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) occurs after having COVID-19. The severity and outcomes of COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms are higher. The aim of this study was to investigate gastrointestinal manifestations in MIS-C patients in selected referral hospitals in Iran to obtain comprehensive information about the treatment and prevention of MIS-C. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all MIS-C patients <21 years in Dec 2019 to Oct 2021 were included. The patients were identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) checklist and data were analyzed applying t-test and Chi-square in STATA11. Results: There were 225 patients with a median age of 55 months (26-96 months), including 59.56% boys and all had fever on admission. At least one gastrointestinal symptom was seen in 200 patients and the most common symptoms were vomiting (60.9%) and abdominal pain (45.77%). Almost 60% of the patients had positive RT-PCR results. Among the patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms 85.5% and 48% were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in respiratory symptoms, ALT, AST, NT-pro BNP, ESR, and PLT (P < 0.05). All patients without gastrointestinal symptoms were discharged but nine patients in the group with gastrointestinal symptoms deceased. Conclusion: According to the current study, gastrointestinal symptoms are common in MIS-C patients and are associated with higher rates of death and intensive care unit admission. Therefore, in providing services to COVID-19 patients, all typical and atypical signs and symptoms should be considered to prevent unnecessary interventions.
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Introduction : Acute gastroenteritis is a typical disorder that accounts for 8-12% of pediatric outpatient visits. Campylobacter and Salmonella infections account for about 8.4% and 11% of global diarrhea cases. Due to the importance of these bacteria in pediatric diseases, the aim of this study was to determine the infectious rate of Salmonella and Campylobacter species and also the frequency of the gene encoding Cytholethal distending toxin in children with community-acquired diarrhea. Materials and Methods: Stool samples of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea were collected. The samples were related to children referred to hospitals in Hamadan, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas and two hospitals in Tehran. DNA was extracted from the samples using a DNA extraction kit from stool. The presence of Campylobacter in the studied samples was detected by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. A control stool sample was spiked with 10-fold dilution of C. jejuni suspension for LOD (detection limit determination) measurement. Results: In this study, PCR results showed a LOD of 100 CFU per gram in the spiked feces sample. Accordingly, out of 144 fecal samples of children with acute diarrhea, one case was positive for Campylobacter jejuni;this sample was also positive for the presence of cdtB gene. Presence of Salmonella was confirmed in two samples of the patients (1.4%). Conclusion: Low prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella was detected in symptomatic children under 5 years of age during the Covid-19 pandemic. Examination of these samples for viruses and other microbial agents can clarify the etiology of diarrhea in children referred to the hospitals.
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Coinfection caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses complicates almost all feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infections. Pathogens that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, Clostridium perfingens, Clostridium piliforme, Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, Tritrichomonas fetus, canine parvovirus type 2,Salmonella sp., feline coronavirus, feline bocavirus, and feline astrovirus were isolated in the presence of FPV infection. Complex mechanisms between viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and hosts contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of coinfection. Prompt and accurate diagnosis, vaccination precautions, and appropriate treatment play important roles in reducing morbidity and mortality. This article outlines the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment that can help veterinarians and pet owners improve their knowledge of managing the diseases.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide public health problem that has attracted much attention due to its clinical findin gs. Measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies is of great importance for researchers and it will help t o develop a new diagnostic and therapeutic method in clinical care. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to measure th e IgG and IgM antibody levels in 401 suspected COVID-19 volunteers. We also measure the time duration for the appearance of IgG and IgM antibodies from the onset of symptoms to sa mpling time. Of 401 participants enrolled in the study, 255 (63.59%) were healthy, 79 (19.70%) were a carrier, 59 (14.71%) were cured and 8 (1.99%) were borderline. Of 142 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19, 41 (28.87%) presented with gastrointestin al (GI) symptoms, 83 (58.45%) had no GI symptoms, and 18 (12.68%) were asymptomatic. According to our findings, the measurement of IgG a nd IgM antibodies will provide the tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and significantly boo st research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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These proceedings contain articles that discuss latest developments in health equity, diversity and inclusion, body positivity, gastrointestinal health, diabetes, technology and much more.
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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in intestinal movements in the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. In spite of the high prevalence its etiology is unknown and there are no specific diagnostic laboratory tests. Material and Methods: In a case/control study, 36 biopsy samples taken from of irritable bowel syndrome patients and 30 biopsy samples as control were obtained. expression of TLR 3, TLR 9 and RIG 1 in Macrophages, Lymphocytes and Plasma cells in terms of percentage and color intensity were evaluated by Immunohistochemistry. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney u, chi-square methods.
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Background: Although it was initially believed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only attacked the respiratory system, reports over time demonstrated that this disease could attack the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as well. The predominant presenting symptoms in patients infected with COVID-19 were gastrointestinal, resulting in gastrointestinal (GI) pathological changes. While clinicians' concerns are mostly related to respiratory system manifestations, GI symptoms should be monitored and managed appropriately. Objectives: This review summarizes the essential information about COVID-19 GIT infection in terms of pathogenesis, major pathological changes, microbiological bases of infection and the possibility of feco-oral transmission, the severity of associated symptoms, the major radiological findings, the impact on GI surgery, the role of therapeutic agents in induction or magnification of GI symptoms, and a pitfall on the nutritional supplementation in COVID-19 patients.
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Campylobacteriosis is one of the most well-characterized bacterial foodborne infections worldwide, the species are the most common zoonotic pathogens. Chicken and chicken products are known to be the major sources of Campylobacter infection in humans. Campylobacter species represent one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide, it is the main cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections occurring at any age, but it peaks in children and young adults. This study aims to investigate the presence and prevalence of Campylobacter bacteria in humans and chicken and aims for determination the extent of the contamination of this bacteria. The study involved two parts;the first part designed for isolation Campylobacter species from chickens which were alive, while the second part was about isolation Campylobacter species from human stool samples for different ages. The current study based on analysis of three hundred and fifty (350) stool samples taken from humans with different ages. The patients samples were collected from Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric, Baquba Teaching Hospital and Central Health Laboratories in Diyala, these patients were had vary clinical aspects like : (diarrhea, Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramp, fatigue and muscle pain). On the other hand, one hundred seventy five (175) stool samples of chicken which they apparently had diarrhea were collected randomly from different areas of Diyala Governorate. The collection of both humans and chicken samples were during 2020 - 2021. The analysis of 350 samples of patients their ages ranged from 3 months to 59 years showed that the mean +or- SD of age was 24.5 +or- 14.3 years. The most predominant age group was 20-29 years (26.9%), while the lowest age group was 50-59 years (4.9%). Regarding the gender, 151 (43.1%) of the included patients were male and 199 (56.9%) were female. Patients included in the current study were collected from four districts of Diyala province. The highest collection rate was from Baquba district 217(62.0%), while the lowest collection rate was from Baladrooz district 18 (5.1%). the distribution of clinical signs and symptoms of included patients. Persistent diarrhea forming the predominance of signs 179 (51.1%), followed by watery diarrhea 55 (15.7%), while the least sign was vomiting 1(3%). Furthermore, 15 (4.3%) of patients showed all that signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms were : diarrhea was found in 194 (55.4%) patients, followed by watery diarrhea in 77 (22.0%) patients. Fever was found in 30 (8.6%) patients. The least sign was nausea which was found in 15 (4.3%) patients. Abdominal pain and cramps were detected in 22 (6.3%) patients. Out of 350 stool specimens submitted for bacteriological culture, 62 (17.7%) were positive versus 288 (82.3%) were negative. Among the 62-culture positive, 13 specimens yield Campylobacter growth, so the campylobacter detection rate among human specimens was 3.7%. The isolated Campylobacter were as follow;11(3.1%) were Campylobacter jejuni, one (0.3%) was Campylobacter coli, one (0.3%) was undifferentiated campylobacter. On the other hand, 58 (16.6%) of the specimens yield bacterial growth other than Campylobacter, as follows: E. coli was detected in 28 (8.0%), Proteus Spp. was detected in 12 (3.4%), H. pylori was detected in 10 (2.9%) and Klebsiella Spp. was detected in 8 (2.3%). The remaining specimens 279 (79.7%) yield no growth. The results of the PCR technique revealed that 8 (2.38%) specimens were positive for Campylobacter, while the majority 335 (95.7%) were negative and 7(2.0%) of the specimens were not done. While the analysis of 175 chicken fecal samples taken from chickens were mainly suffering from diarrhea showed that the distribution of chickens according to their ages in days showed predominance was those 30-39 (40.6%) days old. It is clear that the majority of specimens (74.3%) were collected from Baquba districts. The results showed that specimens collected Al- Muqdadiya district farms had yielded the high
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The majority of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients fully recover within a few weeks. However, a significant proportion of them, independently of their age, still have multi-organ damage, similar to that during the acute phase of infection, or symptoms for a longer term afte r recovery. "Postacute-COVID-19 (Long COVID-19 Syndrome)" is a term used for COVID-19 patients who are still symptomatic 4 and 12 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms and "Post-COVID-19-syndrome" - for those with symptoms for longer than 12 weeks after the onset of acute symptoms. The severity of the initial infection does not correlate with the probability for and with the severity of long-term symptoms. This review comments on the multiorgan effects of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, and metabolic ones. Recommendations for follow-up and rehabilitation for the recovery of Long COVID-19 Syndrome patients are discussed in detail.
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Background: SARS COV-2 is the cause of the current outbreak of COVID-19. The infection of SARS COV-2 causes changes in the gutlung axis and the intestinal microbiota pro-inflammatory cytokines interaction which leads to the injury of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the symptoms of COVID-19 outside the respiratory system is a complaint in the GIT. Materials and Methods: We present a COVID-19 case report that begins with a complaint of abdominal pain.
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INTRODUCTION: On March 11,2020 coronavirus disease was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients. Although respiratory tract symptoms are more severe and most commonly seen in patients some also have gastrointestinal tract affected by COVID-19. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the awareness about gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 among patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was conducted across the patients treated in one of the private hospitals with symptoms similar to COVID-19. For which 108 responses were received and recorded. The complete analysis was done using SPSS Software version 2. RESULT: Based on the 108 responses from both the genders it was seen that females had high awareness about gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 when compared to males. They are also aware about the seriousness of COVID-19 and are stepping forward to treat the disease. According to the study, people were aware about the common symptoms that are around the surrounding population. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that subjects have moderate awareness about gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19. Some awareness meetings can be conducted virtually to improve the awareness about the symptoms of COVID-19 in all aspects.
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Current considerations on nutritional therapy (NT) in the ICU for patients with COVID-19 are based on indirect recommendations established in similar populations of critically ill patients;for example, in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, or acute kidney injury. From a practical point of view, it is appropriate that the NT strategy in these patients consider: (1) the phase of the disease, (2) the hemodynamic condition and (3) the type of respiratory support indicated for each individual patient. Therefore, patients with severe pneumonia or COVID-19 sepsis should be considered patients with high nutritional risk. On the other hand, it has been shown that an increased BMI is related to a poor prognosis, which supports a possible role of sarcopenic obesity in the survival of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients with sepsis due to COVID-19 and septic shock have no contraindication to start an EN, with the exception of vasopressor doses being increased, presenting elements of tissue dysoxia or acute gastrointestinal dysfunction with intolerance to EN.
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The aim of the article was to discuss current guidelines for metabolic management. Current considerations on nutritional therapy (NT) in the ICU for patients with COVID-19 are based on indirect recommendations established in similar populations of critically ill patients;for example, in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, or acute kidney injury. From a practical point of view, it is appropriate that the NT strategy in these patients consider: (1) the phase of the disease, (2) the hemodynamic condition and (3) the type of respiratory support indicated for each individual patient. Therefore, patients with severe pneumonia or COVID-19 sepsis should be considered patients with high nutritional risk. On the other hand, it has been shown that an increased BMI is related to a poor prognosis, which supports a possible role of sarcopenic obesity in the survival of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients with sepsis due to COVID-19 and septic shock have no contraindication to start an EN, with the exception of vasopressor doses being increased, presenting elements of tissue dysoxia or acute gastrointestinal dysfunction with intolerance to EN.
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The goal of this study was to describe the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on ability to engage in activities and the influence on psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and comorbid anxiety and/or depression.
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Objectives: We previously reported that SARS-CoV-2 infects the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of SARS-CoV-2 GI infection on clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: For this retrospective cohort study, 104 patients with COVID-19 were classified into a SARS-CoV-2 GI infection group and a non-infection group. The primary endpoint was the time of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory tract samples. The secondary outcome was the time of hospitalization for COVID-19. Results: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 GI infection had a longer duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory tract samples (median 12.0 days [95% CI: 10.0-13.2] vs. 9.0 days [95% CI: 7.5-10.5]; HR 0.575 [95% CI: 0.386-0.857]; P = 0.003) and hospitalization (median 28.0 days [95% CI: 23.2-32.8] vs. 15.0 days [95% CI: 13.6-16.4]; HR 0.149 [95% CI: 0.087-0.252]; P < 0.001) than patients without SARS-CoV-2 GI infection. Subgroup analyses for sex, age, epidemiological history, clinical classification and antiviral treatment showed consistent results. Conclusion: Our study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 GI infection prolongs the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and hospitalization in the patients with COVID-19. More attention should be paid to SARS-CoV-2 GI infection of COVID-19 and fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA test should be completed in time.